دوره LPIC-3 304: Virtualization and High Availability

Topic 330: Virtualization
330.1 Virtualization Concepts and Theory
Weight: 8

Description: Candidates should know and understand the general concepts, theory and terminology of Virtualization. This includes Xen, KVM and libvirt terminology.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Terminology
Pros and Cons of Virtualization
Variations of Virtual Machine Monitors
Migration of Physical to Virtual Machines
Migration of Virtual Machines between Host systems
Cloud Computing
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Hypervisor
Hardware Virtual Machine (HVM)
Paravirtualization (PV)
Container Virtualization
Emulation and Simulation
CPU flags
/proc/cpuinfo
Migration (P2V, V2V)
IaaS, PaaS, SaaS

330.2 Xen
Weight: 9

Description: Candidates should be able to install, configure, maintain, migrate and troubleshoot Xen installations. The focus is on Xen version 4.x.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Xen architecture, networking and storage
Xen configuration
Xen utilities
Troubleshooting Xen installations
Basic knowledge of XAPI
Awareness of XenStore
Awareness of Xen Boot Parameters
Awareness of the xm utility
Terms and Utilities:

Domain0 (Dom0), DomainU (DomU)
PV-DomU, HVM-DomU
/etc/xen/
xl
xl.cfg
xl.conf
xe
xentop

330.3 KVM
Weight: 9

Description: Candidates should be able to install, configure, maintain, migrate and troubleshoot KVM installations.

Key Knowledge Areas:

KVM architecture, networking and storage
KVM configuration
KVM utilities
Troubleshooting KVM installations
Terms and Utilities:

Kernel modules: kvm, kvm-intel and kvm-amd
/etc/kvm/
/dev/kvm
kvm
KVM monitor
qemu
qemu-img

330.4 Other Virtualization Solutions
Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should have some basic knowledge and experience with alternatives to Xen and KVM.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Basic knowledge of OpenVZ and LXC
Awareness of other virtualization technologies
Basic knowledge of virtualization provisioning tools
Terms and Utilities:

OpenVZ
VirtualBox
LXC
docker
packer
vagrant

330.5 Libvirt and Related Tools
Weight: 5

Description: Candidates should have basic knowledge and experience with the libvirt library and commonly available tools.

Key Knowledge Areas:

libvirt architecture, networking and storage
Basic technical knowledge of libvirt and virsh
Awareness of oVirt
Terms and Utilities:

libvirtd
/etc/libvirt/
virsh
oVirt

330.6 Cloud Management Tools
Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should have basic feature knowledge of commonly available cloud management tools.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Basic feature knowledge of OpenStack and CloudStack
Awareness of Eucalyptus and OpenNebula
Terms and Utilities:

OpenStack
CloudStack
Eucalyptus
OpenNebula
Topic 334: High Availability Cluster Management
334.1 High Availability Concepts and Theory
Weight: 5

Description: Candidates should understand the properties and design approaches of high availability clusters.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Understand the most important cluster architectures
Understand recovery and cluster reorganization mechanisms
Design an appropriate cluster architecture for a given purpose
Application aspects of high availability
Operational considerations of high availability
Terms and Utilities:

Active/Passive Cluster, Active/Active Cluster
Failover Cluster, Load Balanced Cluster
Shared-Nothing Cluster, Shared-Disk Cluster
Cluster resources
Cluster services
Quorum
Fencing
Split brain
Redundancy
Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF)
Mean Time To Repair (MTTR)
Service Level Agreement (SLA)
Disaster Recovery
Replication
Session handling

334.2 Load Balanced Clusters
Weight: 6

Description: Candidates should know how to install, configure, maintain and troubleshoot LVS. This includes the configuration and use of keepalived and ldirectord. Candidates should further be able to install, configure, maintain and troubleshoot HAProxy.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Understanding of LVS / IPVS
Basic knowledge of VRRP
Configuration of keepalived
Configuration of ldirectord
Backend server network configuration
Understanding of HAProxy
Configuration of HAProxy
Terms and Utilities:

ipvsadm
syncd
LVS Forwarding (NAT, Direct Routing, Tunneling, Local Node)
connection scheduling algorithms
keepalived configuration file
ldirectord configuration file
genhash
HAProxy configuration file
load balancing algorithms
ACLs

334.3 Failover Clusters
Weight: 6

Description: Candidates should have experience in the installation, configuration, maintenance and troubleshooting of a Pacemaker cluster. This includes the use of Corosync. The focus is on Pacemaker 1.1 for Corosync 2.x.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Pacemaker architecture and components (CIB, CRMd, PEngine, LRMd, DC, STONITHd)
Pacemaker cluster configuration
Resource classes (OCF, LSB, Systemd, Upstart, Service, STONITH, Nagios)
Resource rules and constraints (location, order, colocation)
Advanced resource features (templates, groups, clone resources, multi-state resources)
Pacemaker management using pcs
Pacemaker management using crmsh
Configuration and Management of corosync in conjunction with Pacemaker
Awareness of other cluster engines (OpenAIS, Heartbeat, CMAN)
Terms and Utilities:

pcs
crm
crm_mon
crm_verify
crm_simulate
crm_shadow
crm_resource
crm_attribute
crm_node
crm_standby
cibadmin
corosync.conf
authkey
corosync-cfgtool
corosync-cmapctl
corosync-quorumtool
stonith_admin

334.4 High Availability in Enterprise Linux Distributions
Weight: 1

Description: Candidates should be aware of how enterprise Linux distributions integrate High Availability technologies.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Basic knowledge of Red Hat Enterprise Linux High Availability Add-On
Basic knowledge of SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension
Terms and Utilities:

Distribution specific configuration tools
Integration of cluster engines, load balancers, storage technology, cluster filesystems, etc.
Topic 335: High Availability Cluster Storage
335.1 DRBD / cLVM
Weight: 3

Description: Candidates are expected to have the experience and knowledge to install, configure, maintain and troubleshoot DRBD devices. This includes integration with Pacemaker. DRBD configuration of version 8.4.x is covered. Candidates are further expected to be able to manage LVM configuration within a shared storage cluster.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Understanding of DRBD resources, states and replication modes
Configuration of DRBD resources, networking, disks and devices
Configuration of DRBD automatic recovery and error handling
Management of DRBD using drbdadm
Basic knowledge of drbdsetup and drbdmeta
Integration of DRBD with Pacemaker
cLVM
Integration of cLVM with Pacemaker
Terms and Utilities:

Protocol A, B and C
Primary, Secondary
Three-way replication
drbd kernel module
drbdadm
drbdsetup
drbdmeta
/etc/drbd.conf
/proc/drbd
LVM2
clvmd
vgchange, vgs

335.2 Clustered File Systems
Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should know how to install, maintain and troubleshoot installations using GFS2 and OCFS2. This includes integration with Pacemaker as well as awareness of other clustered filesystems available in a Linux environment.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Understand the principles of cluster file systems
Create, maintain and troubleshoot GFS2 file systems in a cluster
Create, maintain and troubleshoot OCFS2 file systems in a cluster
Integration of GFS2 and OCFS2 with Pacemaker
Awareness of the O2CB cluster stack
Awareness of other commonly used clustered file systems
Terms and Utilities:

Distributed Lock Manager (DLM)
mkfs.gfs2
mount.gfs2
fsck.gfs2
gfs2_grow
gfs2_edit
gfs2_jadd
mkfs.ocfs2
mount.ocfs2
fsck.ocfs2
tunefs.ocfs2
mounted.ocfs2
o2info
o2image
CephFS
GlusterFS
AFS