
حالت مطالعه
Blue Team or Cyber Defense Package (Level2) Syllabus
Package Duration : 120 H
SEC511,SEC530,SEC555
SEC511: Continuous Monitoring and Security Operations
SEC511.1 : Current State Assessment , Security Operations Center ,and Security
- Traditional Security Architecture
- Perimeter-focused
- Addressed Layer 3/4
- Centralized Information Systems
- Prevention-Oriented
- Device-driven
- Traditional Attack Techniques
- Modern Security Architecture Principles
- Detection-oriented
- Post-Exploitation-focused
- Decentralized Information Systems/Data
- Risk-informed
- Layer 7 Aware
- Security Operations Centers
- Network Security Monitoring
- Continuous Security Monitoring
- Modern Attack Techniques
- Adversarial Dominance
- Frameworks and Enterprise Security Architecture
- Enterprise Security Architecture
- Security Frameworks
- Security Architecture – Key Techniques/Practices
- Threat Vector Analysis
- Data Exfiltration Analysis
- Detection Dominant Design
- Intrusion Kill Chain
- Visibility Analysis
- Data Visualization
- Lateral Movement Analysis
- Data Ingress/Egress Mapping
- Internal Segmentation
- Network Security Monitoring
- Continuous Security Monitoring
- Security Operations Center (SOC)
- Purpose of a SOC
- Key SOC roles
- Relationship to Defensible Security Architecture
SEC511.2 : Network Security Architecture
- SOCs/Security Architecture – Key Infrastructure Devices
- Traditional and Next- Generation Firewalls, and NIPS
- Web Application Firewall
- Malware Detonation Devices
- HTTP Proxies, Web Content Filtering, and SSL/TLS Decryption
- SIEMs, NIDS, Packet Captures, and DLP
- Honeypots/Honeynets
- Network Infrastructure – Routers, Switches, DHCP, DNS
- Mobile Devices and Wireless Access Points
- Threat Intelligence
- Segmented Internal Networks
- Routers
- Internal SI Firewalls
- VLANs
- Detecting the Pivot
- DNS architecture
- Encrypted DNS including DNS over HTTPS (DoH) and DNS over TLS (DoT)
- Defensible Network Security Architecture Principles Applied
- Internal Segmentation
- Threat Vector Analysis
- Data Exfiltration Analysis
- Detection Dominant Design
- Zero Trust Model (Kindervag)
- Intrusion Kill Chain
- Visibility Analysis
- Data Visualization
- Lateral Movement Analysis
- Data Ingress/Egress Mapping
SEC511.3 : Network Security Monitoring
- Continuous Monitoring Overview
- Defined
- Network Security Monitoring (NSM)
- Continuous Security Monitoring (CSM)
- Continuous Monitoring and the 20 Critical Security Controls
- Network Security Monitoring (NSM)
- Evolution of NSM
- The NSM Toolbox
- NIDS Design
- Analysis Methodology
- Understanding Data Sources
- Full Packet Capture
- Extracted Data
- String Data
- Flow Data
- Transaction Data
- Statistical Data
- Alert Data
- Tagged Data
- Correlated Data
- Cloud NSM
- Practical NSM Issues
- Cornerstone NSM
- Service-Side and Client-Side Exploits
- Identifying High-Entropy Strings
- Tracking EXE Transfers
- Identifying Command and Control (C2) Traffic
- Tracking User Agents
- C2 via HTTPS
- Tracking Encryption Certificates
SEC511.4 : Endpoint Security Architecture
- Security Architecture – Endpoint Protection
- Anti-Malware
- Host-based Firewall, Host-based IDS/IPS
- Application Control, Application Virtualization
- Privileged Accounts, Authentication, Monitoring, and UAC
- Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
- Browser Security
- EMET and Defender Exploit Guard
- Patching
- Process
- To Test or Not to Test
- Microsoft
- Third-Party
SEC511.5 : Automation and Continuous Security Monitoring
- Overview
- Continuous Security Monitoring (CSM) vs. Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM) vs. Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM)
- Cyberscope and SCAP
- Industry Best Practices
- Continuous Monitoring and the 20 CIS Critical Security Controls
- Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) Strategies to Mitigate Targeted Cyber Intrusions
- Winning CSM Techniques
- Maintaining Situational Awareness
- Host, Port, and Service Discovery
- Vulnerability Scanning
- Monitoring Patching
- Monitoring Applications
- Monitoring Service Logs
- Detecting Malware via DNS logs
- Monitoring Change to Devices and Appliances
- Leveraging Proxy and Firewall Data
- Configuring Centralized Windows Event Log Collection
- Monitoring Critical Windows Events
- Hands-on: Detecting Malware via Windows Event Logs
- Scripting and Automation
- Importance of Automation
- PowerShell
- DeepBlueCLI
- Hands-on: Detecting Malicious Registry Run Keys with PowerShell
SEC530: Defensible Security Architecture and Engineering
SEC530.1 : Defensible Security Architecture and Engineering
- Traditional Security Architecture Deficiencies
- Emphasis on Perimeter/Exploitation
- Lack of a True Perimeter (“De-perimeterization” as a Result of Cloud/Mobile)
- The Internet of Things
- Predominantly Network-centric
- Defensible Security Architecture
- Mindset
- Presumption of Compromise
- De-perimeterization
- Predominantly Network-centric
- Models
- Zero-Trust Model (Kindervag – Forrester)
- Intrusion Kill Chain
- Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis
- Software-defined Networking and Virtual Networking
- Micro-Segmentation
- Mindset
- Threat, Vulnerability, and Data Flow Analysis
- Threat Vector Analysis
- Data Ingress Mapping
- Data Exfiltration Analysis
- Data Egress Mapping
- Detection Dominant Design
- Attack Surface Analysis
- Visibility Analysis
- Threat Vector Analysis
- Layer 1 Best Practices
- Network Closets
- Penetration Testing Dropboxes
- USB Keyboard Attacks (Rubber Ducky)
- Layer 2 Best Practices
- VLANs
- Hardening
- Private VLANs
- Layer 2 Attacks and Mitigation
- VLANs
- NetFlow
- Layer 2 and 3 NetFlow
- NetFlow, Sflow, Jflow, VPC Flow, Suricata and Endpoint Flow
SEC530.2 : Network Security Architecture and Engineering
- Layer 3: Router Best Practices
- CIDR and Subnetting
- Layer 3 Attacks and Mitigation
- IP Source Routing
- ICMP Attacks
- Unauthorized Routing Updates
- Securing Routing Protocols
- Unauthorized Tunneling (Wormhole Attack)
- Layer 2 and 3 Benchmarks and Auditing Tools
- Baselines
- CISecurity
- Cisco’s Best Practices
- Cisco Autosecure
- DISA STIGs
- Nipper-ng
- Securing SNMP
- SNMP Community String Guessing
- Downloading the Cisco IOS Config via SNMP
- Hardening SNMP
- SNMPv3
- Securing NTP
- NTP Authentication
- NTP Amplification Attacks
- Bogon Filtering, Blackholes, and Darknets
- Bogon Filtering
- Monitoring Darknet Traffic
- Building an IP Blackhole Packet Vacuum
- IPv6
- Dual-Stack Systems and Happy Eyeballs
- IPv6 Extension Headers
- IPv6 Addressing and Address Assignment
- Securing IPv6
- IPv6 Firewall Support
- Scanning IPv6
- IPv6 Tunneling
- IPv6 Router Advertisement Attacks and Mitigation
- VPN
- Path MTU Issues
- Fragmentation Issues Commonly Caused by VPN
- Layer 3/4 Stateful Firewalls
- Router ACLs
- Linux and BSD Firewalls
- pfSense
- Stateful
- Proxy
- Web Proxy
- SMTP Proxy
- Augmenting with Phishing Protection and Detection Mechanisms
- Explicit vs. Transparent
- Forward vs. Reverse
- Baselines
SEC530.3 : Network-Centric Security
- NGFW
- Application Filtering
- Implementation Strategies
- NIDS/NIPS
- IDS/IPS Rule Writing
- Snort
- Suricata
- Bro
- Network Security Monitoring
- Power of Network Metadata
- Know Thy Network
- Sandboxing
- Beyond Inline
- Integration with Endpoint
- Feeding the Sandbox Potential Specimens
- Malware Detonation Devices
- Encryption
- The “Encrypt Everything” Mindset
- Internal and External
- Free SSL/TLS Certificate Providers
- SSL/SSH Inspection
- SSL/SSH Decrypt Dumps
- SSL Decrypt Mirroring
- Certificate Pinning
- Malware Pins
- HSTS
- Crypto Suite Support
- Qualys SSL Labs
- Secure Remote Access
- Access into Organization
- Dual Factor for All Remote Access (and More)
- Google Authenticator/TOTP: Open Authentication
- IPSec VPNs
- SSH VPNs
- SSL/TLS VPN
- Jump Boxes
- Distributed Denial-of-Service
- Impact of Internet of Things
- Types of Attacks
- Mitigation Techniques
- The “Encrypt Everything” Mindset
SEC530.4 : Data-Centric Security
- Application (Reverse) Proxies
- Full Stack Security Design
- Web Server
- App Server
- DB Server
- Web Application Firewalls
- Whitelisting and Blacklisting
- WAF Bypass
- Normalization
- Dynamic Content Routing
- Database Firewalls/Database Activity Monitoring
- Data Masking
- Advanced Access Controls
- Exfiltration Monitoring
- File Classification
- Data Discovery
- Scripts vs. Software Solutions
- Find Sensitive Data in Databases or Files/Folders
- Advanced Discovery Techniques such as Optical Character Recognition Scanning of Pictures and Saved Scan Files
- Methods of Classification
- Dynamic Access Control
- Data Discovery
- Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
- Network-based
- Endpoint-based
- Cloud Application Implementations
- Data Governance
- Policy Implementation and Enforcement
- Access Controls vs. Application Enforcement and Encryption
- Auditing and Restrictions
- Mobile Device Management (MDM) and Mobile Application Management (MAM)
- Security Policies
- Methods for Enforcement
- End-user Experience and Impact
- Private Cloud Security
- Securing On-premises Hypervisors (vSphere, Xen, Hyper-V)
- Network Segmentation (Logical and Physical)
- VM Escape
- Surface Reduction
- Visibility Advantages
- Public Cloud Security
- SaaS vs. PaaS vs. IaaS
- Shared Responsibility Implications
- Cloud Strengths and Weaknesses
- Data Remanence and Lack of Network Visibility
- Container Security
- Impact of Containers on On-premises or Cloud Architectures
- Security Concerns
- Protecting against Container Escape
SEC530.5 : Zero-Trust Architecture : Addressing the Adversaries Already in our Networks
- Zero Trust Architecture
- Why Perimeter Security Is Insufficient
- What Zero Trust Architecture Means
- “Trust but Verify” vs. “Verify then Trust”
- Implementing Variable Access
- Logging and Inspection
- Network Agent-based Identity Controls
- Credential Rotation
- Certificates
- Passwords and Impact of Rotation
- Endpoints
- Compromised Internal Assets
- Pivoting Adversaries
- Insider Threat
- Securing the Network
- Authenticating and Encrypting Endpoint Traffic
- Domain Isolation (Making Endpoint Invisible to Unauthorized Parties)
- Mutual TLS
- Single Packet Authorization
- Tripwire and Red Herring Defenses
- Honeynets, Honeypots, and Honeytokens
- Single Access Detection Techniques
- Proactive Defenses to Change Attacker Tool Behaviors
- Increasing Prevention Capabilities while Adding Solid Detection
- Patching
- Automation via Scripts
- Deputizing Endpoints as Hardened Security Sensors
- End-user Privilege Reduction
- Application Whitelisting
- Host Hardening
- EMET
- Host-based IDS/IPS
- As Tripwires
- Endpoint Firewalls
- Pivot Detection
- Scaling Endpoint Log Collection/Storage/Analysis
- How to Enable Logs that Matter
- Designing for Analysis Rather than Log Collection
SEC555: SIEM with Tactical Analytics
SEC555.1 : SIEM Architecture
- State of the SOC/SIEM
- Industry statistics
- Industry problems
- Log Monitoring
- Assets
- Windows/Linux
- Network devices
- Security devices
- Data gathering strategies
- Pre-planning
- Assets
- Logging architecture
- Log inconsistencies
- Log collection and normalization
- Log retention strategies
- Correlation and gaining context
- Reporting and analytics
- Alerting
- SIEM platforms
- Commercial solutions
- Home-grown solutions
- Planning a SIEM
- Ingestion control
- What to collect
- Mission
- SIEM Architecture
- Ingestion techniques and nodes
- Acceptance and manipulation for value
- Augmentation of logs for detection
- Data queuing and resiliency
- Storage and speed
- Analytical reporting
- Visualizations
- Detection Dashboards
SEC555.2 : Service Profiling with SIEM
- Detection methods and relevance to log analysis
- Attacker patterns
- Attacker behaviors
- Abnormalities
- Analyzing common application logs that generate tremendous amounts of data
- DNS
- Finding new domains being accessed
- Pulling in addition information such as domain age
- Finding randomly named domains
- Discover domain shadowing techniques
- Identifying recon
- Find DNS C2 channels
- HTTP
- Use large datasets to find attacks
- Identify bot traffic hiding in the clear
- Discover requests that users do not make
- Find ways to filter out legitimate noise
- Use attacker randomness against them
- Identify automated activity vs user activity
- Filter approved web clients vs unauthorized
- Find HTTP C2 channels
- HTTPS
- Alter information for large scale analysis
- Analyze certificate fields to identify attack vectors
- Track certificate validity
- Apply techniques that overlap with standard HTTP
- Find HTTPS C2 channels
- SMTP
- Identify where unauthorized email is coming from
- Find compromised mail services
- Fuzzy matching likely phishing domains
- Data exfiltration detection
- Apply threat intelligence to generic network logs
- Active Dashboards and Visualizations
- Correlate network datasets
- Build frequency analysis tables
- Establish network baseline activity
- DNS
SEC555.3 : Advanced Endpoint Analytics
- Endpoint logs
- Understanding value
- Methods of collection
- Agents
- Agentless
- Scripting
- Adding additional logging
- EMET
- Sysmon
- Group Policy
- Windows filtering and tuning
- Analyze critical events based on attacker patterns
- Finding signs of exploitation
- Find signs of internal reconnaissance
- Finding persistence
- Privilege escalation
- Establishing a foothold
- Cleaning up tracks
- Host-based firewall logs
- Discover internal pivoting
- Identify unauthorized listening executables
- See scan activity
- Credential theft and reuse
- Multiple failed logons
- Unauthorized account use
- Monitor PowerShell
- Configure PowerShell logging
- Identify obfuscation
- Identify modern attacks
- Containers
- Logging methods
- Monitoring
SEC555.4 : Baselining and User Behavior Monitoring
- Identify authorized and unauthorized assets
- Active asset discovery
- Scanners
- Network Access Control
- Passive asset discovery
- DHCP
- Network listeners such as p0f, bro, and prads
- NetFlow
- Switch CAM tables
- Combining asset inventory into a master list
- Adding contextual information
- Vulnerability data
- Authenticated device vs unauthenticated device
- Identify authorized and unauthorized software
- Source collection
- Asset inventory systems
- Patching management
- Whitelisting solutions
- Process monitoring
- Discovering unauthorized software
- Source collection
- Baseline data
- Network data (from netflow, firewalls, etc)
- Use outbound flows to discover unauthorized use or assets
- Compare expected inbound/outbound protocol
- Find persistence and beaconing
- Utilize geolocation and reverse dns lookups
- Establish device-to-device relationships
- Identify lateral movement
- Configure outbound communication thresholds
- Monitor logons based on patterns
- Time-based
- Concurrency of logons
- # logons by user
- # logons by source device
- Multiple geo locations
- Endpoint baseline monitoring
- Configure enterprise wide baseline collection
- Large scale persistence monitoring
- Finding abnormal local user accounts
- Discover dual-homed devices
- Cloud baselining (Example in class uses Amazon AWS)
- Network data (from netflow, firewalls, etc)
- Active asset discovery
SEC555.5 : Tactical SIEM Detection and Post-Mortem Analysis
- Centralize NIDS and HIDS alerts
- Analyze endpoint security logs
- Provide alternative analysis methods
- Configure tagging to facilitate better reporting
- Augment intrusion detection alerts
- Extract CVE, OSVDB, etc for further context
- Pull in rule info and other info such as geo
- Analyze vulnerability information
- Setup vulnerability reports
- Correlate CVE, OSVDB, and other unique IDs with IDS alerts
- Prioritize IDS alerts based on vulnerability context
- Correlate malware sandbox logs with other systems to identify victims across enterprise
- Monitor Firewall Activity
- Identify scanning activity on inbound denies
- Apply auto response based on alerts
- Find unexpected outbound traffic
- Baseline allow/denies to identify unexpected changes
- Apply techniques to filter out noise in denied traffic
- SIEM tripwires
- Configure systems to generate early log alerts after compromise
- Identify file and folder scan activity
- Identify user token stealing
- Operationalize virtual honeypots with central logging
- Allow phone home tracking
- Post mortem analysis
- Re-analyze network traffic
- Identify malicious domains and IPs
- Look for beaconing activity
- Identify unusual time-based activity
- Use threat intel to reassess previous data fields such as user-agents
- Utilize hashes in log to constantly re-evaluate for known bad files
- Re-analyze network traffic
- Configure systems to generate early log alerts after compromise
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